Organizational Transparency Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Hierarchical Transparency - Research Proposal Example The writing audit will follow an efficient writing map on hierarchical straightforwardness. A portion of the issues that will be taken a gander at in the writing survey include: effect of straightforwardness on viable correspondence, effect of straightforwardness on execution, effect of straightforwardness on whistleblowing, impact of straightforwardness on trust and cohesiveness, effect of straightforwardness on effectiveness and efficiency, corporate duty differentiation of the private division, corporate codes, and the drawbacks of hierarchical straightforwardness. Correspondence is a significant angle in an association since it contributes towards the sustaining of association culture and conduct. Griffin and Moorhead (2012), clarifies that â€Å"communication is the social procedure wherein two gatherings trade data and infer meaning† (p. 300). In the organization’s point of view the general acknowledgment is that the definition adopts even an increasingly mind boggling strategy because of the nature and level of the relational connections. Correspondence is generally portrayed by three significant viewpoints. These viewpoints are: conveying the message, the idea of the message and the impression of the beneficiary. In any case, Griffin and Moorhead (2012) plot that for all of the perspectives to be compelling straightforwardness ought to be a key thought for both the source and the beneficiary of the message. An examination reported by Institute of Public Relations (2010) confirmed that vote based system can't flourish in any establishment when there is absence of data. In the open part absence of straightforwardness has been a key issue influencing execution and deciding the advertising of an organization. Notwithstanding, it is hard for an association to guarantee or even case straightforwardness when there is absence of successful correspondence. Government division foundations have understood that straightforwardness doesn't just advance great open

Chapter Columbia

Columbia Company, which makes machine devices, had the accompanying exchanges identified with plant resources in 2014. Resource An: On June 2, 2014, Columbia bought a stepping machine at a retail cost of $12,000. Columbia paid 6% deals charge on this buy. Columbia paid a temporary worker $2,800 for an exceptionally wired stage for the machine, to guarantee noninterrupted capacity to the machine. Columbia assesses the machine will have a 4-year helpful life, with a rescue estimation of $2,000 toward the finish of 4 years. The machine was placed into utilization on July 1, 2014.Asset B: On January 1, 2014, Columbia, Inc. igned a fixed-value contract for development of a distribution center office at an expense of $1,000,000. It was evaluated that the venture will be finished by December 31, 2014. On March 1, 2014, to back the development cost, Columbia acquired $1,000,000 payable April 1, 2015, or more enthusiasm at the pace of 10%. During 2014, Columbia gained store and ground install ments totaling $750,000 under the agreement; the weighted-normal measure of amassed uses was $400,000 for the year.The abundance acquired assets were put resources into momentary protections, from which Columbia acknowledged venture income of $13,000. The stockroom was ompleted on December 1, 2014, at which time Columbia made the last installment to the temporary worker. Columbia evaluates the stockroom will have a 25-year helpful life, with a rescue estimation of $20,000. Columbia utilizes straight-line devaluation and utilizes the â€Å"half-year† show in representing incomplete year deterioration. Columbia's monetary year finishes on December 31 . Guidelines (an) At what sum should Columbia record the obtaining cost of the machine? b) What measure of promoted intrigue should Columbia remember for the expense of the stockroom? (c) On July 1, 2016, Columbia chooses to re-appropriate its stepping activity to Medek, Inc. As a component of this arrangement, Columbia sells the m achine (and the stage) to Medek, Inc. for $7,000. What is the effect of this removal on Columbia's 2016 salary before charges? Arrangement (a) Historical expense is estimated by the money or money equal cost of acquiring the benefit and carrying it to the area and condition for its proposed use.For Columbia, this is: Price $12,000 Tax 720 Platform 2,800 Total $15,520 Since Columbia has exceptional obligation brought about explicitly for the development venture, in a sum more prominent than the weighted-normal collected consumptions of $400,000, the loan cost of 10% is utilized for capitalization purposes. Capitalization endless supply of the venture at December 31, 2014. Consequently, the avoidable premium is $40,000, which is not exactly the genuine interest.The venture income ot is unimportant to the inquiry tended to in this issue in light of the fact that such premium earned on the unexpended part of the credit isn't to be counterbalanced against the sum qualified for capitaliza tion. (c) The pay impact is an addition or misfortune, controlled by looking at the book estimation of the advantage for the removal esteem: Cost $1 5,520 Less: Accumulated devaluation 6,760* Book estimation of machine and stage 8,760 Less: Cash got for machine and stage 7,000 Loss before annual duties $ 1,760 hyear $1,690 2014. entire year 3,380 2015. 2016. ? h year 1,690

Toons and Tasty Burgers

Toons and Tasty Burgers 11/9/2013: At the time of this writing: Im sitting in a cozy joint titled Tasty Burger with Hairuo, Royal, and Trevor. (Theyre cool.) Hairuo, Royal, and Trevor are telling me I should double major in Comparative Media Studies. Im kind of considering it. I have yet to see if the burgers are tasty. The Fox is playing on the speakers. Loudly. I ordered an apple juice box which I have just finished. There is an amazing mural on the wall of Samuel L. Jackson from Pulp Fiction. This marks the end of a very good start to what will be a very good weekend. First and most importantly, I got nine hours of sleep last night, which I havent been able to do for a while. If theres one thing Ive learned since coming here, its that sleep is very, very, VERY valuable to me, and I have to work hard to make sure I get enough of it. Burgers are here. The story continueslater! - 11/10/2013: The burgers were fairly tasty. On a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 would be a high school cafeteria burger and 5 would be an In-N-Out double-double, Tasty Burger would fall in the 4 to 4.5 range. In any case. This weekend is particularly splendid for a couple of reasons. First of all, its a long weekend. Second of all, I painted figurative rainbows all over my second 8.022 (Introductory Physics Electricity/Magnetism, hard mode) exam last Thursday after getting 9 hours of sleep on a weeknight, which ended up being much better for my test than studying for it. This means a weekend usually spent on 8.022 psets was spent instead catching up on sleep and singing with the Toons. Which brings me to the third reason: two (TWO) performances with my a cappella group, the MIT-Wellesley Toons, whom I dearly love. Look, were on the Internet and everything. Heres a video from our last performance a few weeks ago. We did a small performance on Friday night at Wellesley, but it was our Saturday evening concert that wed been preparing for the most. Saturday night was the Eighth Annual MIT-Wellesley Toons Concert for a Cure, a benefit concert for multiple sclerosis which featured not only the Toons but also a ton of amazing groups from other places like Harvard, Olin, Suffolk, and Wellesley. We had too much fun turning the lecture hall 10-250 into a makeshift concert venue by covering the blackboards with silly chalk art and dressing up in official Tooniforms: black shirt, black pants, and colored ties for the guys, and colored shirts with suspenders for the gals. Meet the Olin Powerchords. Theyre pretty kick-ass. They shot one of their members on stage at the end of their set, cutting off their last song. Not even kiddingit was a song from a James Bond movie and they ended it by shooting the lead singer with a Nerf pistol. These delightful fellows are Roadkill Buffet, MITs very own improv comedy group. They took the prompt pickles and turned it into a ten-minute series of skits featuring the benefits of veganism and eating organic, the need to wear furry boots, a farmer who cant bear to slaughter his cows for food, and a pastor who hears the cows confession of being able to talk. Comedy sure doesnt make much sense, but thats what makes it hilarious. The Wellesley Tupelos came out and rocked the show. Theyre named after Wellesleys Tupelo Point. Its said that if you kiss your significant other there, youll get married to them (or be successful and wealthy in life, depending on which version you subscribe to). The Harvard Dance Team came out with a performance set to Lady Gagas Applause. They were pretty great. Major props for being able to do a full performance in a lecture hall without knocking anything down. Toons getting pumped right before the show! Some of the other groups who came out included the a cappella groups the Suffolk Ramifications, Harvard Mirch (East Asian/pop mashup a cappella!), Wellesley Dead Serious (more improv comedy), Wellesley Freestyle (daaaance). It was awesome and amazing and we raised a couple hundred dollars for finding a cure for multiple sclerosis. If youd like to donate to our cause, you can still do so here:  http://weblink.donorperfect.com/MIT2013. Your friend in a cappella burgers, Allan

The Myth of Theseus Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Like Perseus, he too grew up without his father. Perseus and Theseus both proved their worth and their strength as heroes many times over through their battles; at one point, they even rescued their princesses from dark powers (Booker, pp. 276-277). Such similarities, as brave warriors, are seen in the heroic deeds of other Greek mythological heroes like Achilles, Jason, and Heracles. Like these heroes, Theseus also showed great strength and skill in battle. This is what made him stand out at a very early age, and what prompted his mother Aethra to reveal to him his noble heritage (Godwin, p. 252). This strength and skill helped him lift the rock which hid symbols and evidence of his heritage; it allowed him to survive many battles; it also allowed him to kill the Minotaur, and it eventually allowed him to rightfully claim his place as his father s heir while keeping his greedy cousins at bay (Warner, pp. 24-27). At the very core of his character, Theseus is a very honorable ma n as he always fought on the side of what was right and what was noble, even at great cost to his life. However, as a hero, he also possessed a tragic element to his character, and this element can largely be attributed to his bad qualities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Myth of Theseus or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page 255). He can also be labeled as ungrateful when he abandoned Ariadne on an island, even after the latter helped him defeat the Minotaur (Garland, p. 204). Theseus also had an unhealthy appetite for women; he was renowned for his amorous affairs. The consequences of these affairs often proved to be unfortunate and disastrous. His abduction of the Amazon Antiope prompted the Amazons to invade Attica (Warner, p. 28). He, along with Peirithoos abducted Helen and Persephone.

Obssesive Compulsive Disorder - 1752 Words

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Often OCD is described as a disease of doubt (Ken and Jacob 1). Things are constantly running through the minds of OCD patients. Is the door locked? Is the stove shut off? When researching OCD, three important things to cover are the discovery of OCD, the diagnosis, and overcoming OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder, also know as ODC, is a complex mental illness that involves repeating thoughts know as obsessions and repeating actions know as compulsions (Parks 8). OCD affects males and females of all types (Parks 8). According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately one-third of OCD cases in adults begin in the childhood stages (Chong and Hovanec 11). Scientists believe that OCD is related to a faulty brain circuitry that could possibly be hereditary (Parks 9). Theories based on more recent studies show that OCD is a biological brain defect (Sebastian 32). It affects the frontal lobes of the brain (Ken and Jacob 1). Many OCD symptoms have been recorded since the 15th century (Sebastian 21). By the 19th century, science had developed more and explained that OCD was a mental and emotional disorder instead of supernatural forces (Sebastian 29). OCD is two times more common of a disease than schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (Ken and Jacob 1). There are three forms of OCD. The three forms are episodic, continuous, and deteriorative. Episodic OCD has recurring episodes of illness lasting for a limited time.Show MoreRelatedPetunia: A Mytery Fiction686 Words   |  3 Pagesthroughout the home. Fine lace tableclothes where found throughout the home. One on the nightstand, one on the dining room table. I began counting as I made my way throughout the house. I had no idea why I felt compelled to do so. I never had Obssesive Compulsive Disorder, nor have I ever felt I had. I just felt obligued too, just like how I felt obligued to come here. I snapped out of the trance and whent to ask her what I had to do. She told me to clean up the basement and throw out anything out of the

Aggression Behavior in Sports By John Dorsa Free Essays

string(22) " in all elite sports\." Aggressive Behavior in Sports By John Dorsa University of Louisiana at Lafayette KNES 443 11/16/12 Aggressive Behavior in Sports In the dictionary, aggression is defined as â€Å"a behavior that is forceful, hostile, or attacking. There have been studies showing the connection between aggressive behavior and sports. According to Singh and Tomar’s â€Å"Aggression in Athletics: A Comparative Study†, aggression in today’s society is applauded rather than shunned. We will write a custom essay sample on Aggression Behavior in Sports By John Dorsa or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sports are the only place, outside of war, where aggression is acceptable. The attitude is to â€Å"win at all costs†. Most aggression results from frustration. Some aggression, where people are injured, outside of the rules of the game, is becoming a problem in today’s society. However, not all aggression is bad. The word â€Å"aggression† is derived from Latin and means â€Å"to work towards†. Coaches were surveyed and asked to list qualities of a successful athlete. Aggression was high on the list of all of the coaches. Sports give aggressive people the opportunity to let off some steam, in an organized fashion, rather than having a person act out in society. Aggressive people need some form of physical contact or competition, and sports give them the perfect opportunity to channel their anger towards some good. An athlete needs some type of aggression because it is what motivates that athlete to perform to their best ability. Sports, such as football, require so much physical contact that players need to play with some passion; otherwise they are no good to their team. An aggressive person is highly motivated, demonstrates great realize of physical energy, and not inhibited by fear of potential injury. This does not only apply to playing physical. Mental aggression is also a key in sports. Having aggressive behavior can benefit athletes because it allows them to get into their opponents’ heads, thus giving them an advantage. However, verbal aggression can be bad as well. Too much talking can lead to an altercation where someone can get hurt. Therefore, aggressive behavior is vital in all aspects of sports. A sports competition without aggression is like a body without a soul. Frank, M. , Gilovich, T. (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 54(1), (pp. 74-75). Abstract: Black is viewed as the color of evil and death in virtually all cultures. With this association in mind, we were interested in whether a cue as subtle as the color of a person’s clothing might have a significant impact on his or her behavior. To test this possibility, we examined whether professional football and ice hockey teams that wear black uniforms are more aggressive than those that wear nonblack uniforms. An analysis of the penalty records of the National Football League and the National Hockey League indicates that teams with black uniforms in both sports ranked near the top of their leagues in penalties throughout the period of study. On those occasions when a team switched from nonblack to black uniforms, the switch was accompanied by an immediate increase in penalties. The results of two laboratory experiments indicate that this finding can be attributed to both social perception and self-perception processes—that is, to the biased judgments of referees and to the increased aggressiveness of the players themselves. Our discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of these data for an understanding of the variable, or â€Å"situated,† nature of the self. Are teams with black uniforms more aggressive than teams with nonblack uniforms? Because black is seen as a color of evil in most cultures, it is believed that the color black brings out a more aggressive side to a person. Therefore, teams wear black uniforms as a form of intimidation. However, is there really a connection between black uniforms and aggressive play? This article debates whether or not teams that wear black uniforms are considered more aggressive than teams with lighter color uniforms. Research was done in the National Football League and National Hockey League, because those are two of the most physical sports in American Society. After analysis, researchers found that there was a direct correlation between black uniforms and penalties. The Oakland Raiders wear black uniforms and they were called for more penalties than a team with non-black uniforms in the 1988 NFL season. Therefore, teams with black uniforms are more aggressive than teams with nonblack uniforms. The results of this study indicate that both social perception and self-perception are affected by the use of black uniforms. An example of social perception is when someone sees a person wearing all black, that person’s first thought is that the person is very dark and probably an unpleasant person. Also, if a team shows up to a game in all black, there is good chance the other team could be intimidated by the team in black. Thus, giving the team in black a competitive edge before the game has even started. Self-perception is the way you view yourself. When someone puts on a black jersey, they feel much tougher than if the jerseys were a lighter color, such as yellow or green. That attitude of toughness can directly translate into the game. The player wearing black will play more physical because of his self-perception of wearing black jerseys. If you feel good about yourself, you are going to do better because you are confident. The same can be applied with black jerseys. When you are wearing a black jersey there is a sense of aggressiveness that goes with it. The Oakland Raiders are a good example for this theory. The Raiders wear all black jerseys with silver numbers, and are known as a very physical football team. Also, their stadium is called â€Å"The Black Hole†, which is a very tough stadium to play in due to the team’s die-hard fans, who also wear black. This makes â€Å"The Black Hole† a very intimidating place to play. In sports, there must be a high level of aggression in order to play well. Aggressive play is a key factor in all elite sports. You read "Aggression Behavior in Sports By John Dorsa" in category "Papers" Playing with violent passion can help set the tone for the entire game. Being aggressive gives a player a mental and physical edge over an opponent. Singh, R. , Tomar, R, (2009). Aggression in Athletics: A Comparative Study. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health. 12(1), (pp. 31-35). Abstract: By nature human beings are competive and ambitious for the excellence in all athletic performances. Not only every man but every nation wants to show their supremacy by challenging the other nation. Thus these challenges stimulates, inspires, and motivates all the nations to sweat and strive to run faster, jump higher, throw further in present competitive sports world. Aggression has long been a part ofthe sports domain. Outside of wartime, sport is perhaps the only setting in which acts of interpersonal aggression are not only tolerated but enthusiastically applauded by large segment of society. In fact Lorenz advocates that sport ought to be substitute for war. In other words, because all competitive sports situations hold some degree of hostility between opponents, participants in them allows aggression to be dissipated in an acceptable manner. In this study, throwers and jumpers, of the 65th All India Interuniversity meet, were given questionnaires to determine how much aggression each group had. It was discovered that the throwers were more aggressive than the jumpers. The main reason for throwers being more aggressive could be the use of implements in all the throwing events which might create more aggression in athletes as compared to jumpers. Further, the physique and body structure of throwers could be other reasons for aggressiveness in throwers than in jumpers. However, it was determined that both athletes have some form of aggression. Because of sports in today’s society, it seems that it is acceptable to show aggressive behavior. By nature human beings are competitive and ambitious for the excellence in all athletic performances. Outside of wartime, sports are the only setting in which acts of aggression are not only tolerated, but applauded by society. There was found to be different levels of aggression depending on which sport. Aggression is derived from Latin and means â€Å"to work towards†. This is usually the goal of a team, to â€Å"work towards† a common goal. â€Å"An aggressive act can be defined as those which the athlete (1) is highly motivated (2) demonstrate the great realize of physical energy, and / or (3) is not inhibited by fear of potential fracture or injury† (J. M. Silva et al, 1984). When coaches were surveyed about what qualities make up a successful athlete, aggression was very high on that list among all coaches. Most aggression results from frustration, but when channeled correctly in sports, it can be very beneficial for an athlete. The athlete will be more motivated when they are angry and will show great energy. Sports competition without aggression is like a body without a soul. In other words, there must be some form of aggression in sports or it wouldn’t be able to work. The results of this study will be helpful for coaches in assessing the aggression of their players and plan training programs accordingly. Dziubinski, Z. (2007). A Sociological Attempt at Explaining Aggression in Sport. Research Yearbook. 13(2), (pp. 204-205). Abstract: This paper discusses the phenomenon of aggression in sport from a sociological point of view. The phenomenon is explained with classic sociological terms such as socialization, social control, conformism and deviance. Among other things, the paper employs the functionalistic-structuralist theory and symbolic interactionism. Apart from describing the mechanisms which generate aggression/deviance, the paper also proposes activities which may help moderate aggressive behaviors of sport supporters. The writers unequivocally establish that the most efficient and far-reaching way to prevent aggression in stadiums is not repression and penalization, but prevention in form of projects meant to enhance and consolidate socialization mechanisms. Giddens describes the socialization process as â€Å"the process people learn and acquire skills, norms, values, and patterns of behavior, they mold their personalities and define their own identities, they learn specific attitudes and specific social roles† (Dziubinski 205). People become what societies they live in want them to be. Sometimes people do not become what it is that society wants of them. When a person strays away from the norm, their behavior is known as deviant. This article will focus on negative deviance , including aggressive behaviors of fans and football players. Aggressive behavior of a football supporter is an example of deviant behavior. The supporters’ ultimate goal is to achieve a victory in the game. However, appropriate measures are not always taken, such as good and efficient team play. Deviant supporters will harass players on the other team in order to get in their opponents’ heads. The behavior of the supporter is different from the norm and turns into criminal offenses. Efforts should not be focused on putting away these deviants, but creating an atmosphere that is advantageous for socialization. This can be said for athletes as well. Many elite athletes come from a bad childhood, in which crimes are being committed everywhere. These kids try to fit into the norm, which in this case, is a deviant norm. The children grow up around all of this violence and believe that this is normal life. The person then begins acting aggressive in society. The supporter identifies himself or herself as a deviant and perceives the deviant behavior as socially accepted, which pushes the person even deeper into the role† (Dziubinski 207). According to this article, the solution is to show the person an advantageous condition to let out their aggression. For example, if someone is naturally aggressive, they should be introduced to a contact sport, such as football, so that t hey can channel that anger into a positive. By doing this, the norm is changing for the person. That person realizes that the previous behavior is not accepted, and therefore, can change their ways. For many athletes this was the case. They realized that the way they were acting would not end well for them. They have seen too many of their friends either end up in prison or dead, thus motivating the person to make a change for the better. Football is a perfect sport for an inherently aggressive person due to the amount of contact in the sport. This is an easy transition to make because they can still go out and hit people within the context of the game. This socialization will help keep a person out of trouble, while still conforming to the norm of society. Schwery, R. , Cade, D. (2009). Sport as a Social Laboratory to Cure Anomie and Prevent Violence. European Sport Management Quarterly. 9(4), (pp. 469-482). Abstract: Sport’s relationship with aggression, violence and hooliganism is not a new phenomenon. Evidence suggests that it has existed ever since competition began in ancient civilizations. Sport is a mirror of society. With the process of civilization, sport has no doubt become less brutal. In the last few decades there has been a growing interest in sport’s use as a catalyst for development. This article discusses the therapeutic role that sport can have to cure a general loss of orientation (anomie) and to prevent aggression and violence. Its success depends on guidance and the rules that are set for institutionalized sport. The article attempts to highlight how government, NGOs and sport organizations can work together to use stadiums and other sport-settings as a social laboratory. â€Å"Rapid social change can lead to a general lack of orientation among a broad egment of people. This state of being defines the concept of anomie† (Atteslander, Gransow, and Western, 1999). Anomie leads to difficulties in individual adaptation, resulting in a loss of general social orientation, reinforced feelings of insecurity and marginalization, the cultivation of false expectations or feelings of relative deprivation. This leads to violence and different forms of dev iant behavior. In a modernized society, there is a growing need for outlets to release negative emotions. Conflicts are a normal phenomenon in every society. Preventing them is not enough. Encouraging people to channel malignant aggression into some form of productive communication is a key to reducing violence. It is possible to bring people together through sport. However, there is a difference between â€Å"malignant and benign aggression† (Fromm, 1991, p. 212). Malignant aggression aims to injure an opponent. Whereas benign aggression aims to achieve a sporting goal, such as winning games. When someone adopts a form of benign aggression, without the intent to injure someone, it is viewed by society as a pronounced level of assertiveness. This is the goal of social change. Social change has an enormous impact on social development in general and on individual well-being. This challenges people to re-orientate themselves in a constantly changing world. Sports can not only teach people how to channel their anger into benign aggression, but also teaches the necessity of teamwork. Grange, P. , Kerr, J. (2009). Athlete to Athlete Verbal Aggression. International Journal of Sport Communication. 2(3), (pp. 360-373). Abstract: This case study examined interpersonal communication in sport in the form of verbal aggression among elite athletes in the Australian Football League (AFL). It focused on the experience and motivation of athletes who use athlete-to-athlete verbal aggression and the responses of athletes who have been the targets of verbal aggression during games. In addition, the reasons athletes have for not engaging in verbal aggression were also examined. Purposive sampling procedures produced a select sample of elite male athletes known for their aggressive approach to playing Australian football. Qualitative methods and deductive analysis procedures, informed by J. H. Kerr’s categories of sport aggression, were used to interpret the interview data. Meaningful insights into verbal aggression in the AFL were obtained. Based on the underlying motivation, interview transcript descriptions of incidents were identified as examples of power, thrill, and anger verbal aggression. This article’s primary purpose was to investigate verbal aggression among elite Australian footballers, identified as being the most aggressive. This article focused on a) athletes who use verbal aggression, when they use it, and their reasoning, b) athletes who do not use verbal aggression and their reasons for not doing so, and c) athletes’ responses to verbal aggression directed at them by opposing players. In sports, there is not only physical aggression, but also, verbal aggression. Verbal aggression is used in order to get in the heads of one’s opponents and officials. The most aggressive acts in the Australian Football League were found to be negative verbalization directed at officials and verbal abuse between athletes. The verbal aggression against officials was mainly due to poor calls. Verbal aggression between athletes was found to occur most frequently after the most severe physically aggressive acts. Verbal attacking is most often used to try to intimidate opposing athletes. Players who do not use verbal aggression would retaliate against verbal aggression with physicality, but within the laws of the game. This is not always the case though. â€Å"That’s right, he’d be going on and I’d just say ‘Yeah, no worries keep it coming’ and it just came to a head on that day. I called his bluff and got the result†¦ I let my actions do the talking. I could see right through him†¦ He was trying to intimidate me†¦ We went toe to toe, and it worked out for me. † (Grange, Kerr 367). This is an example of when verbal abuse causes a retaliatory physical aggression, outside the laws of the game. It is important for psychologists to recognize those differences. Verbal aggression may provoke a violent physically aggressive response in some athletes. The use of anger-management strategies to improve self-discipline and self-control could help such athletes not respond to verbal aggression. Conclusion Aggression can be seen in all aspects of sports. It is one of the best qualities an athlete can have to be successful. Aggression helps keep athletes motivated to perform better. It helps keep a team focused on a common goal, which is to win. For the most part, it is used as an intimidation technique. For example, the Oakland Raiders wearing all black jerseys in order to get in the heads of their opponents is a form of aggressive behavior that aims to intimidate opponents. Also, verbal aggression has been noticed between athletes. Athletes will verbally abuse one another just to get a competitive edge. Sometimes too much verbal aggression can lead to fights on the field, causing ejections and injuries to athletes. Aggression in society is becoming a problem as well. Rapid social change can lead to a general lack of orientation among people in the world. This is known as â€Å"anomie†. This leads to difficulties in socialization for individuals who stray from the norm. Many aggressive people show deviant behavior, which could lead to them getting arrested or killed. There is a growing need for outlets to release negative emotions. Sports are a great way for aggressive people to take their anger out in a way that they cannot get in trouble, especially in a society that applauds aggressive behavior. It also helps social deviants to stay out of trouble on the streets. However, there is a good aggression and a bad one. Malignant aggression aims to injure an opponent, outside of the rules. Whereas benign aggression serves as a means to achieve a goal in sports, such as winning the game. When someone adopts a form of benign aggression, without intent to injure, it is viewed as a more pronounced level of assertiveness. Aggressive behavior is vital in all aspects of sports, and when channeled correctly, can be a very beneficial quality for an athlete. Reference page Frank, M. , Gilovich, T. (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 54(1), (pp. 74-75). Singh, R. , Tomar, R, (2009). Aggression in Athletics: A Comparative Study. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health. 12(1), (pp. 31-35). Dziubinski, Z. (2007). A Sociological Attempt at Explaining Aggression in Sport. Research Yearbook. 13(2), (pp. 204-205). Schwery, R. , Cade, D. (2009). Sport as a Social Laboratory to Cure Anomie and Prevent Violence. European Sport Management Quarterly. 9(4), (pp. 469-482). Grange, P. , Kerr, J. (2009). Athlete to Athlete Verbal Aggression. International Journal of Sport Communication. 2(3), (pp. 360-373). How to cite Aggression Behavior in Sports By John Dorsa, Papers

The Whitsun Weddings Essay Example

The Whitsun Weddings Paper Larkin explores the gap between romantic yearning and disillusioned pragmatism in the lives we lead. Examine what Larkin has to say about this gap in a choice of poems from â€Å"The Whitsun Weddings† Philip Larkin wrote to engage his reader in the downsides and apparent depression of a post-war period in which aspirations and hope were high, as well as the romantic yearnings which seemed to be present in the majority of the population. Larkin wrote to explore the gulf between what we expect out of life and what he viewed as what we all have to at some point come to terms with, the disappointment and disillusionment that is life. Andrew Motion states that â€Å"Larkin mirrors and vitalises a continual debate between hopeful romantic yearnings and disillusioned pragmatism. † This of course refers to the gulf that Larkin writes about so much as well as the continuous debate that goes on between these yearnings for something better and the dreariness of reality. The poem â€Å"Sunny Prestatyn† is a good example of Larkins attempt to explore the gap between the grand illusions of happiness, individuality and fulfilment and the realities of these things themselves. â€Å"Sunny Prestatyn† seems to comment on the superficial society that has begun to emerge in the post war period as well as the false hope of life itself which is trying to be sold to the public through a typical holiday poster of the time, which much like the rest of life promises perfection, in a holiday. However Larkin explores the gulf between this disillusionment which is being sold and reality itself through the use of vulgarity. The thing that would strike a reader the most about the poem is the use of vulgarity which Larkin uses to make a comment on the vulgarity of the poster itself and the lies of happiness which are trying to be sold. We will write a custom essay sample on The Whitsun Weddings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Whitsun Weddings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Whitsun Weddings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The sexual provocative ness is possibly the most noticeable of the vulgarities as it prompts the vulgar language which is used throughout the poem, without one you wouldn’t get the other. The fact the poem is called Sunny Prestatyn could almost be seen as an ironic comment by Larkin on this gulf, it even seems like the poem at first is trying to sell something to the reader rather than draw our attention to our gap between the disillusionment and reality. The narrative opens with â€Å"Come to Sunny Prestatyn† this straight away shows suggestiveness and the girl on the poster is the object of this suggestiveness, â€Å"Laughed the girl on the poster,† Larkin would have used this language to make an ironic comment on the people who are buying into this poster, the girl in the poster could be seen as laughing at the cruel irony of the selling of these false realities to the public. Vulgar language seems to be present throughout the poem but not through adjectives which may typically be viewed in the manner â€Å"seemed to expand from her thighs† It seems that in the context normally innocuous words take on sexuality. â€Å"Behind her, a hunk of coast. † This makes no sense, how can a piece of land be described sexually? This just further adds to the poignancy of the use of â€Å"breast† and â€Å"thigh† and how ridiculous the sexualising of a holiday is. â€Å"A hotel with palms,† the palm trees should not be at the hotel as they are not local to Wales, all this does is add further to the falsities in trying to make something which it is not. This is something which as I said before is seen particularly through the adjectives in this poem. Larkin not only makes harmless words stand out to make a comment on the falsities of reality he also does it through the use of harmless actions. â€Å"Slapped up† adds to the satirical â€Å"make up†- this would normally be seen as careless and colloquial language but Larkin deliberately makes it vulgar to expose the gap we all live in between disillusionment and reality. The fact that the whole poem is about a picture is probably the biggest comment on the satirical promises as the poem goes on a journey from â€Å"harmless† to â€Å"harmful† it moves from something inoffensive â€Å"snaggle tooth† too something that can be perceived as offensive â€Å"huge tits. † It has to be exaggerated because the poem itself is not harmful but what is done to the poster and the exposing of lies is what is in fact harmful. This is why â€Å"Titch Thomas† does the viewers if the poster a favour by exposing the falsities. He is harmless but whoever stabbed the poster is in fact harmful because they represent the realisation of the gulf romantic yearnings and disillusioned pragmatisms. â€Å"She was too good for this life† This is Larkin really showing us that much like the girl in the poster the dreams she is trying to sell are non existent, lifes realities and what she represents just don’t go together. Then finally to really hit home the point about the false realities Larkin says â€Å"Now Fight Cancer is there† in the early 50s and 60s, cancer was pretty much a death sentence, it is a real wake up call at the end to show that reality and the important things in it need to be concentrated on rather than romantic yearnings and false dreams.